{
 "meta": {
  "dossier": "public-finance",
  "source": "Computed by India Atlas from RBI DBIE (amounts) and MoSPI NAS (GDP)",
  "product": "public-finance",
  "base": "GDP 2022-23 series",
  "vintage": "2026-10-09",
  "mock": false,
  "geo": "IND",
  "releaseDate": null,
  "revisionPolicy": "Each year passes through three stages: the budget estimate (February before the year), the revised estimate (February of the year) and the accounts (provisional in May after the year, audited later). The RBI's tables restate a year as it moves from one stage to the next; each stage is kept as its own series.",
  "frequency": "annual",
  "unit": "pct_gdp",
  "latestPeriod": "2025-26 (financial year)",
  "coverage": "The same ratios over the new GDP series (2022-23 base), 2022-23 on: what the deficit and debt look like against the larger or smaller economy the new series measures",
  "note": "Computed here: the RBI's rupee figures over GDP at current market prices on the 2022-23 base (gdp-2022-annual-levels). The RBI still divides by the 2011-12 series. The Centre's 2025-26 figure is its revised estimate and the states' 2024-25 theirs, over the NSO's estimate of that year's GDP; budget estimates are left out (they assume a GDP the NSO has not measured)."
 },
 "dates": [
  "2022-04-01",
  "2023-04-01",
  "2024-04-01",
  "2025-04-01"
 ],
 "series": {
  "centre_gross_fiscal_deficit": {
   "name": "centre_gross_fiscal_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: gross fiscal deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#2E4BD8",
   "data": [
    6.6385,
    5.6913,
    4.9513,
    4.5126
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's gross fiscal deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 713), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_revenue_deficit": {
   "name": "centre_revenue_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: revenue deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    4.0873,
    2.632,
    1.7746,
    1.5252
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's revenue deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 713), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_gross_primary_deficit": {
   "name": "centre_gross_primary_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: primary deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    3.0914,
    2.032,
    1.443,
    0.8228
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's primary deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 713), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_interest_payments": {
   "name": "centre_interest_payments_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: interest payments, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    3.5471,
    3.6593,
    3.5083,
    3.6898
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's interest payments as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 353), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_total_expenditure": {
   "name": "centre_total_expenditure_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: total expenditure, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    16.0185,
    15.2836,
    14.6323,
    14.3755
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's total expenditure as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 353), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_capital_expenditure": {
   "name": "centre_capital_expenditure_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: capital expenditure, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    2.827,
    3.2648,
    3.3082,
    3.1727
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's capital expenditure as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 353), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_tax_revenue_net": {
   "name": "centre_tax_revenue_net_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: tax revenue, net of the states' share, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    8.0139,
    8.0048,
    7.8621,
    7.7444
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's tax revenue, net of the states' share as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 655), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_revenue_receipts": {
   "name": "centre_revenue_receipts_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: revenue receipts, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    9.1042,
    9.3867,
    9.5496,
    9.6776
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's revenue receipts as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 655), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "centre_liabilities": {
   "name": "centre_liabilities_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre: outstanding liabilities, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    59.6587,
    59.6622,
    58.7334,
    58.1308
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's outstanding liabilities as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 1399), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "states_gross_fiscal_deficit": {
   "name": "states_gross_fiscal_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "States: gross fiscal deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "States",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    2.7567,
    3.0172,
    3.6516,
    null
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The states' gross fiscal deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 451), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "states_revenue_deficit": {
   "name": "states_revenue_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "States: revenue deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "States",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    0.2351,
    0.3214,
    0.5982,
    null
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The states' revenue deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 451), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "states_liabilities": {
   "name": "states_liabilities_pct_gdp",
   "label": "States: outstanding liabilities, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "States",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    29.0052,
    29.12,
    29.5179,
    null
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The states' outstanding liabilities as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 452), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "combined_gross_fiscal_deficit": {
   "name": "combined_gross_fiscal_deficit_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre and states: gross fiscal deficit, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre and states",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    9.0533,
    8.2955,
    8.1499,
    null
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's and states' gross fiscal deficit as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 346), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  },
  "combined_liabilities": {
   "name": "combined_liabilities_pct_gdp",
   "label": "Centre and states: outstanding liabilities, per cent of GDP (computed)",
   "unit": "pct_gdp",
   "group": "Centre and states",
   "color": "#A3A9B4",
   "data": [
    85.139,
    85.108,
    84.3665,
    null
   ],
   "note": "The last year may be a revised estimate (Centre 2025-26, states and combined 2024-25).",
   "derived": true,
   "derivedNote": "The Centre's and states' outstanding liabilities as the RBI prints it in rupees (DBIE report 339), divided by MoSPI's GDP at current prices, 2022-23 series; computed by India Atlas, not an RBI ratio."
  }
 }
}