{
 "meta": {
  "dossier": "external-flows",
  "source": "Reserve Bank of India, Database on Indian Economy (via the Data Bank)",
  "geo": "IND",
  "releaseDate": null,
  "mock": false,
  "revisionPolicy": "Weekly reserves and daily rates are final on release. Investment flows, ECBs and LRS are revised in later Bulletins; external debt is provisional for a quarter, then partially revised.",
  "base": "as published",
  "frequency": "annual",
  "unit": "mixed",
  "vintage": "2026-10-09",
  "product": "External commercial borrowings, annual (DBIE report 55)",
  "coverage": "External commercial borrowings registered each fiscal year, by route and borrower",
  "note": "RBI DBIE report 55 (annual provider), fiscal years plotted at April of the first year; both frameworks' lines are kept as published.",
  "latestPeriod": "2025-04"
 },
 "dates": [
  "2004-04-01",
  "2005-04-01",
  "2006-04-01",
  "2007-04-01",
  "2008-04-01",
  "2009-04-01",
  "2010-04-01",
  "2011-04-01",
  "2012-04-01",
  "2013-04-01",
  "2014-04-01",
  "2015-04-01",
  "2016-04-01",
  "2017-04-01",
  "2018-04-01",
  "2019-04-01",
  "2020-04-01",
  "2021-04-01",
  "2022-04-01",
  "2023-04-01",
  "2024-04-01",
  "2025-04-01"
 ],
 "series": {
  "auto_route_num_1": {
   "label": "1 Automatic Route: Number, number",
   "data": [
    674,
    541,
    821,
    540,
    382,
    501,
    636,
    992,
    825,
    573,
    733,
    671,
    729,
    769,
    999,
    1292,
    1063,
    1086,
    1093,
    1188,
    1328,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "count"
  },
  "auto_route_amt_2": {
   "label": "1 Automatic Route: Amount, US$ million",
   "data": [
    9177,
    14062,
    15673,
    17555,
    6988,
    13271,
    15566,
    27492,
    18395,
    12340,
    19215,
    13412,
    16247,
    20397,
    28387,
    38011,
    26799,
    28851,
    24156,
    29461,
    47800,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "gen_per_num_3": {
   "label": "General Permission: Number, number",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1328,
    1378
   ],
   "unit": "count"
  },
  "gen_per_amt_4": {
   "label": "General Permission: Amount, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    47800,
    36124
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "appl_route_number_5": {
   "label": "2 Approval Route: Number, number",
   "data": [
    27,
    33,
    67,
    61,
    143,
    83,
    75,
    68,
    92,
    140,
    88,
    46,
    37,
    38,
    21,
    41,
    13,
    18,
    9,
    33,
    51,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "count"
  },
  "app_route_amt_6": {
   "label": "2 Approval Route: Amount, US$ million",
   "data": [
    1597,
    2006,
    7360,
    10560,
    8450,
    7177,
    9443,
    7862,
    13651,
    20892,
    9170,
    10961,
    5738,
    8471,
    13537,
    14921,
    8456,
    11035,
    2473,
    19748,
    13384,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "spec_per_num_7": {
   "label": "Special Permission: Number, number",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    51,
    24
   ],
   "unit": "count"
  },
  "spec_per_amt_8": {
   "label": "Special Permission: Amount, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    13384,
    6845
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "toal_number_9": {
   "label": "Total (1+2): Number, number",
   "data": [
    701,
    574,
    888,
    601,
    525,
    584,
    711,
    1060,
    917,
    713,
    821,
    717,
    766,
    807,
    1020,
    1333,
    1076,
    1104,
    1102,
    1221,
    1379,
    1402
   ],
   "unit": "count"
  },
  "total_amount_10": {
   "label": "Total (1+2): Amount, US$ million",
   "data": [
    10774,
    16068,
    23033,
    28115,
    15438,
    20448,
    25009,
    35354,
    32046,
    33232,
    28385,
    24373,
    21985,
    28868,
    41924,
    52932,
    35255,
    39886,
    26629,
    49209,
    61184,
    42969
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "wam_11": {
   "label": "Weighted Average Maturity (in years): 4 Weighted Average Maturity (in years), years",
   "data": [
    4.11,
    3.99,
    4.9,
    5.58,
    5.54,
    4.93,
    5.46,
    5.69,
    6.27,
    4.88,
    6.49,
    6.2,
    5.3,
    6.1,
    5.2,
    6,
    6.03,
    8,
    5.72,
    5.6,
    5.05,
    5.3
   ],
   "unit": "years"
  },
  "floating_int_rate_12": {
   "label": "Interest Rate (per cent): Weighted Average Margin over 6-month LIBOR or reference rate for Floating Rate Loans, per cent",
   "data": [
    1.3,
    0.75,
    1.04,
    0.92,
    1.76,
    2.7,
    2.6,
    2.89,
    2.73,
    1.98,
    2.12,
    1.45,
    1.62,
    1.34,
    1.2,
    1.34,
    1.93,
    1.71,
    1.68,
    1.66,
    1.48,
    1.5
   ],
   "unit": "percent"
  },
  "floating_int_rate_min_13": {
   "label": "Interest Rate (per cent): Interest rate range for Fixed Rate Loans Minimum, per cent",
   "data": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "percent"
  },
  "floating_int_rate_max_14": {
   "label": "Interest Rate (per cent): Interest rate range for Fixed Rate Loans Maximum, per cent",
   "data": [
    11.5,
    12,
    9.54,
    9.45,
    8.5,
    8,
    7,
    8,
    12.44,
    12.79,
    13.5,
    13,
    14.75,
    12.25,
    15,
    25,
    13,
    10.5,
    11.8,
    27,
    11.67,
    11
   ],
   "unit": "percent"
  },
  "borrower_cat_cm_15": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate Manufacturing, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    14530,
    12827,
    12244,
    6925,
    15836,
    13900,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_ci_16": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate-Infrastructure, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    15137,
    9985,
    17023,
    8396,
    15916,
    15462,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_transport_17": {
   "label": "Borrower: Transport, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    308,
    636,
    1597,
    333,
    1505,
    614,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_energy_18": {
   "label": "Borrower: Energy, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    6314,
    2713,
    8215,
    2235,
    3513,
    6900,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_water_sanitation_19": {
   "label": "Borrower: Water and Sanitation, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    37,
    151,
    10,
    32,
    33,
    28.05,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_communication_20": {
   "label": "Borrower: Communication, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1014,
    757,
    1258,
    1538,
    6309,
    13,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_soc_commer_infra_21": {
   "label": "Borrower: Social and Commercial Infrastructure, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    11,
    161,
    0,
    530,
    115,
    184,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_ex_mini_refi_22": {
   "label": "Borrower: Exploration, Mining and Refinery, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    3168,
    2946,
    4691,
    2085,
    2480,
    5356,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_other_ss_23": {
   "label": "Borrower: Other Sub-Sectors, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    4285,
    2622,
    1252,
    1643,
    1961,
    2367,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_service_sector_24": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate Service-Sector, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1827,
    1894,
    1570,
    1773,
    1526,
    3226,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "other_entities_25": {
   "label": "Borrower: Other Entities, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1246,
    1026,
    609,
    1806,
    1728,
    1026,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_units_in_sez_26": {
   "label": "Borrower: units in SEZ, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    51,
    26,
    9,
    6,
    1,
    26,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_sidbi_27": {
   "label": "Borrower: SIDBI, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_exim_bank_28": {
   "label": "Borrower: Exim Bank, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1195,
    1000,
    600,
    1800,
    1727,
    1000,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "bank_29": {
   "label": "Borrower: Banks, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0,
    100,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "financial_institution_onbfc_30": {
   "label": "Borrower: Financial Institution (Other than NBFC ), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    5,
    2110,
    4,
    0,
    20,
    0,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "nbfcs_31": {
   "label": "Borrower: NBFCs, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    19499,
    6934,
    7995,
    7540,
    13361,
    26318,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "nbfc_ifc_afc_32": {
   "label": "Borrower: . NBFC- IFC/AFC, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    10459,
    6024,
    5621,
    3031,
    7734,
    12389,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "nbfc_mfi_33": {
   "label": "Borrower: . NBFC-MFI, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    226,
    84,
    93,
    313,
    531,
    459,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "nbfc_others_34": {
   "label": "Borrower: . NBFC-Others, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    8814,
    827,
    2282,
    4196,
    5096,
    13470,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "non_gov_org_35": {
   "label": "Borrower: Non-Government Organization (NGO), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "micro_fin_institute_36": {
   "label": "Borrower: Micro Finance Institution (MFI), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    16,
    8,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "others_37": {
   "label": "Borrower: Others, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    671,
    470,
    341,
    189,
    822,
    1252,
    null
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_agri_plan_38": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate - Agriculture and Plantation, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_cm_39": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate-Manufacturing, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    13900,
    7340
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_ci_40": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate-Infrastructure, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    15462,
    13100
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_transport_41": {
   "label": "Borrower: Transport, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1248,
    2792
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_energy_42": {
   "label": "Borrower: Energy, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    7470,
    6898
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_water_sanitation_43": {
   "label": "Borrower: Water and Sanitation, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    28,
    39
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_communication_44": {
   "label": "Borrower: Communication, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1101,
    153
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_soc_commer_infra_45": {
   "label": "Borrower: Social and Commercial Infrastructure, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    258,
    129
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_ex_mini_refi_46": {
   "label": "Borrower: Exploration, Mining and Refinery, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    5357,
    3085
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_infra_con_sez_47": {
   "label": "Borrower: Infrastructure (Construction and Development of Industrial Parks, Integrated Townships and SEZ), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    4
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_cor_con_48": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate -Construction (Non-Infrastructure), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    1
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_ser_sec_49": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate - Service Sector, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    3226,
    3903
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "borrower_cat_fin_sec_50": {
   "label": "Borrower: Corporate - Financial Sector, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    27318,
    18124
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_banks_51": {
   "label": "Borrower: Banks, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_nbfcs_52": {
   "label": "Borrower: NBFCs, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    26318,
    16499
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_aifi_53": {
   "label": "Borrower: All India Financial Institution (AIFI), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1000,
    1475
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_mfi_54": {
   "label": "Borrower: Micro Finance Institution (MFI) (other than Banks, NBFCs & AIFIs), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "cor_others_55": {
   "label": "Borrower: Others, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    150
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "other_entities_56": {
   "label": "Borrower: Other Entities, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    10
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_llp_57": {
   "label": "Borrower: Limited Liability Partnership (LLP), US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    10
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_partner_firm_58": {
   "label": "Borrower: Partnership Firm, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_coo_society_59": {
   "label": "Borrower: Cooperative Society, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "oe_society_60": {
   "label": "Borrower: Society, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    0,
    0
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  },
  "others_spcl_61": {
   "label": "Borrower: Others@@, US$ million",
   "data": [
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    null,
    1278,
    491
   ],
   "unit": "usd_million"
  }
 }
}